Advertisement

Simone Veil, iconic European feminist politician, dies at 89

Simone Veil in 1977.
Simone Veil in 1977.
(Marcel Binh / AFP/Getty Images)
Share

Simone Veil, a French survivor of Nazi death camps and European Parliament president who spearheaded abortion rights as one of France’s most prominent female politicians, has died. She was 89.

The office of her son Jean Veil said that Simone Veil died Friday and that plans for memorial ceremonies had not yet been determined.

“May her example inspire our compatriots,” President Emmanuel Macron tweeted. “France has lost a figure that history rarely produces,” Prime Minister Edouard Philippe said, as tributes to the centrist Veil poured in from across the political spectrum.

Advertisement

Veil said it was her experiences in the Nazi concentration camps that made her a firm believer in the unification of Europe.

“The idea of war was for me something terrible,” she told the Associated Press in a 2007 interview. “The only possible option was to make peace.”

Her own rise from former deportee to the head of the European Parliament was a potent symbol of that sought-after peace, she said.

A two-time Cabinet minister, Veil was best known in France for leading the heated battle to legalize abortion in the 1970s. France’s abortion rights law is still known four decades later as the “Loi Veil,” and she called it her proudest accomplishment.

French Health Minister Simone Veil speaks about abortion law at the French National Assembly in Paris, on Dec. 13, 1974.
(Eustache Cardenas / Associated Press)

In a country where many women are hesitant to call themselves feminists, Veil embraced the label. She saw herself as an advocate for the downtrodden, and devoted much of her early career to improving conditions in French prisons. Later, she became one of the most visible faces of France’s dwindling community of Holocaust survivors and spoke passionately about the need to keep the memory alive.

Advertisement

Born Simone Jacob in the Mediterranean port city of Nice on July 13, 1927, she was one of four children. Her father worked as an architect until a 1941 law by France’s collaborationist Vichy government forced him — and other Jews — out of the profession.

In March 1944, the Gestapo arrested and deported Veil, her parents and all but one of her siblings. Veil, who was 16 at the time, her sister and mother, ended up at the death camps at Auschwitz-Birkenau.

Her father and brother were sent to a camp in a Baltic country. They were never seen again.

“I found myself thrown into a universe of death, humiliation and barbarism,” Veil wrote in the preface to a 2005 book on the Holocaust. “I am still haunted by the images, the odors, the screams, the humiliation, the blows and the sky, ashen with the smoke from the crematoriums.”

Young and healthy when she entered Birkenau and with striking chestnut plaits, Veil caught the eye of a Polish woman who helped run the camp. The woman took her aside, telling her in broken French: “‘you are too pretty to die here. I am going to find some way so you can survive,’” Veil told the Associated Press.

Advertisement

The woman sent Veil, her mother and sister to work at a Siemens factory outside the camp. Later, Veil was transferred to work in an SS kitchen, where she was able to pilfer bits of food for her mother.

Her efforts were in vain. Veil’s mother died of typhus at the Bergen-Belsen camp. Veil’s sister survived the camp, returning to France along with Veil after the war.

Upon her return, Veil pursued a law degree at Paris’ prestigious Institut d’Etudes Politiques. There she met Antoine Veil, a public servant, and the two married in 1946.

Simone Veil leaves the Institut de France with her husband, Antoine Veil, after her entry ceremony as member of the prestigious Academie Francaise, the guardian of the French language, on June 16, 2011.
(Thomas Samson / AFP/Getty Images)

Simone Veil became a judge and worked for seven years in France’s department of corrections, where she fought to improve prison conditions.

“Having had my freedom taken away gave me a real sense of empathy for prisoners,” Veil said.

Advertisement

In 1974, center-right President Valery Giscard d’Estaing plucked her out of relative obscurity, appointing her health minister, to her surprise. The appointment thrust her into the center of the fight over abortion, which Giscard d’Estaing had pledged to legalize.

The most visible proponent of the controversial legislation, Veil quickly became the target of vicious, personal attacks as the battle over the bill raged on the floor of the legislature. One anti-abortion lawmaker’s comment that Veil “wanted to send children to the ovens” famously reduced her to tears.

Veil again served as health minister from 1993 to 1995, under Prime Minister Edouard Balladur.

In 1979, Veil ran in the European Parliament’s first popular elections on the Center for Europe party ticket. Fellow lawmakers elected her president, making her the first woman to head the legislature. She served as president until 1982 and remained in the Parliament until 1993.

French President Jacques Chirac, third from left, Simone Veil, third from right, and Wladyslaw Bartoszewski, left, both former Auschwitz inmates, in front of the gate that carries the infamous "Arbeit Macht Frei" inscription, Jan. 27, 2005.
(Jacek Bednarczyk / EPA)

Veil returned to Auschwitz to commemorate the 60th anniversary of its liberation in January 2005. By then, Auschwitz “was just a bunch of crumbling buildings,” she told the AP. “Without the people doing the killing, it was no longer a frightening place.”

Advertisement

Veil’s political popularity took a bruising when she came out in support of conservative Nicolas Sarkozy in the 2007 presidential elections. Critics lashed out at Veil for endorsing a candidate known for his tough stance on illegal immigration and who created a Ministry of Immigration and National Identity.

Veil said she was surprised by the attacks but largely shrugged them off. More than 30 years after the abortion battle, she said she still got hate mail on the issue.

“I am used to such abuse,” Veil said.

In 2010, she was inducted into the Academie Francaise, becoming the sixth woman to join the guardian of the French language since it was founded in 1635.

___

Some of the biographical material in this story was written by former Associated Press staffer Jenny Barchfield.

ALSO

Sister Sam, founder of St. Vincent Meals on Wheels, dies at 82

Advertisement

Helmut Kohl dies at 87, Germany’s ‘chancellor of unity’ marred by corruption scandal

Ex-Austrian official who helped tear down the Iron Curtain dies at 82

Angela Brodie, breast cancer research pioneer credited with saving the lives of thousands, dies at 92

Advertisement