Presidential Personality Types

Here’s how three psychologists, consulting with historians, classified presidents into eight personality types:

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DOMINATORS

Lyndon B. Johnson, Richard Nixon, Andrew Johnson, Andrew Jackson, James K. Polk, Theodore Roosevelt, Chester A. Arthur

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MAINTAINERS

George Bush, Harry S. Truman, William McKinley.

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INNOCENTS

William Howard Taft, Warren G. Harding, Ulysses S. Grant.

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INTELLECTUALS

Jimmy Carter, Abraham Lincoln, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, James Garfield, Rutherford B. Hayes.

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INTROVERTS

Nixon, John Adams, John Quincy Adams, Herbert Hoover, Calvin Coolidge, James Buchanan, Woodrow Wilson, Benjamin Harrison.

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EXTROVERTS

John F. Kennedy, Bill Clinton, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Ronald Reagan, Lyndon B. Johnson, Theodore Roosevelt, William Henry Harrison, Harding, Jackson.

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GOOD GUYS

Gerald R. Ford, Dwight D. Eisenhower, George Washington, Hayes, Zachary Taylor, John Tyler, Millard Fillmore, Grover Cleveland.

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ACTORS

Reagan, Clinton, Harding, William Henry Harrison, Franklin Pierce.

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COULDN’T BE CLASSIFIED

James Monroe, Martin Van Buren.

Source: “Assessing the U.S. Presidents Using the Revised NEO Personality Inventory” by Steven J. Rubenzer, Thomas J. Faschingbauer and Deniz S. Ones