DC-9 Strategy Helps Northwest
Each day, a little piece of aviation history takes off in Columbus, Ohio. And in Buffalo, N.Y., and dozens of other cities where Northwest Airlines flies DC-9s that average 34 years in age. Some of them first flew when Lyndon Johnson was president.
Northwest’s DC-9s help tie it for the oldest fleet among the world’s 60 largest airlines, even as the airline adds new planes. Analysts say Northwest’s 1995 decision to gut and refurbish those DC-9s rather than replace them is helping it weather high fuel prices and competition from low-cost rivals better than most major carriers.
The airline is a unit of Eagan, Minn.-based Northwest Airlines Corp.
Unlike most other airlines, Northwest owns a significant chunk of its fleet outright. Northwest says that has given it the flexibility to park unneeded planes during travel slowdowns like those during the Iraq war and the SARS epidemic.
“Putting a plane down is much different when you own it than when you’re paying $330,000 per month” in debt payments for a new airplane, said Tom Bach, Northwest’s vice president of market planning, who was closely involved in the research that went into the decision to refurbish the DC-9s, which were developed by Douglas Aircraft Co. and first flew in 1965.
Joel Denney, an airline analyst at Piper Jaffray in Minneapolis, agreed: “In a really difficult environment, you want to have very low fixed costs.”
Certainly, Northwest still has problems. It’s pressing for labor concessions and recently announced it would eliminate free meals in coach on all domestic flights. But while it’s losing money, the airline still had $2.46 billion in cash at the end of 2004 and, unlike some if its competitors, has been able to avoid filing for Bankruptcy Court protection.
Northwest’s reliance on DC-9s -- the aircraft accounts for more than a third of its 432-plane fleet -- gives it an average aircraft age of about 18 years, according to data provided by BACK Aviation Solutions of New Haven, Conn. That ties with Buenos Aires-based Aerolineas Argentinas for the oldest fleet among the world’s top 60 airlines, according to BACK.
By contrast, the average plane age of the five other hub-and-spoke airlines is about 10 years old. Houston-based Continental Airlines Inc., which went on a buying spree in the late 1990s, has a fleet that averages just 8 years old.
Northwest’s fleet is so old, “it’s the airline probably most worried about President Bush’s Social Security proposal,” cracked George Hamlin, director at airline consulting firm MergeGlobal Inc. of Arlington, Va. “Northwest has chosen to be a contrarian in terms of keeping these aircraft much longer than anyone expected,” Hamlin said.
The safety of the planes isn’t an issue because of federally required maintenance, said Ed Greenslet, publisher of the Airline Monitor, a trade journal.
The Federal Aviation Administration doesn’t care how old an aircraft is, just how many times it has been flown. It measures that by the number of times it has been pressurized and depressurized -- generally, once per flight. The DC-9, based on testing, is approved for 105,000 of these cycles.
Bach said some of Northwest’s DC-9s were hitting that limit and being retired. In January, the company said it would retire 10 DC-9s this year.
In 1995, Northwest began updating its DC-9s, gutting the interiors and installing new carpeting, lavatories and seats. It also upgraded the planes’ electronic and mechanical systems and installed “hush kits” so the engines were in compliance with airport noise limits.
Bach said comparable new planes at the time were running around $30 million, and the upgrades cost a fraction of that, though he said he was unsure exactly how much.
Delta Air Lines Inc., Continental Airlines and US Airways Group Inc. all once flew DC-9s. Delta replaced its DC-9s in the 1980s, and Continental and US Airways followed suit in the 1990s, Hamlin said. Some wanted bigger planes, and others wanted planes that could be flown by pilots already trained on other aircraft. But Northwest has so many DC-9-trained pilots that that’s not a factor, he said.
Many of the DC-9s are outfitted with about 100 seats -- just right for mid-size markets such as Columbus and Buffalo.
Airplane buying used to be driven by money-saving design changes such as more-efficient engines or cockpits that required two crew members instead of three, Hamlin said. The DC-9 meets those requirements, including the two-person cockpit, so Northwest sees no reason to replace them, said Hamlin, adding, “It’s a rugged airplane that’s got a reputation for durability.”
