What to know for year two of the Trump tax plan

It’s that time again.

The IRS has begun accepting and processing tax returns for individuals.

Last year’s filing season was an adjustment for taxpayers and industry professionals alike because it was the first under a massive overhaul of federal tax law. Though this year’s season is expected to be more sedate, there are a few tweaks to be aware of.

STANDARD DEDUCTION

The standard deduction doubled under the new tax law that took effect in 2018. In turn, the number of taxpayers who took that instead of itemizing on their taxes jumped sharply. An estimated 90% of taxpayers are expected to take the deduction this year.

Although the standard deduction usually increases each year for inflation, it’s worth keeping the figure in mind as taxpayers adjust to the new system. Some people may still want to run through the exercise of deciding whether to itemize or not. The decision comes down to whether your deductible expenses are greater than the standard deduction. Tax preparation software or a tax professional can walk you through this with ease.

Single individuals now get a standard deduction of $12,200 and married individuals filing jointly qualify for a standard deduction of $24,400. Head of household individuals get a standard deduction of $18,350.

HEALTH INSURANCE

New this year: There is no longer a penalty on federal taxes for not having health insurance, something that was put in place by the Affordable Care Act. However, some states may still penalize you for not having health insurance, warned Lisa Greene-Lewis, a CPA and tax expert at TurboTax.

DIVORCE

Anyone who got divorced after 2018 and pays alimony can no longer deduct alimony payments. And ex-spouses who receive alimony are no longer required to claim it as income. Got divorced before 2018? The old rules still apply unless you update your decree to state specifically that the new rules are reflected.

EXTENDERS

Congress recently passed a bill that includes a few tax extenders, which renew tax provisions that had expired or were going to expire soon. Here are a handful that you may want to take note of:

•People who are required to pay private mortgage insurance along with their mortgage can once again deduct it. Kathy Pickering, chief tax officer at H&R Block, said that this represents a substantial expense for some — in the $2,500 to $4,500 range.

•Another home-related extender: a $500 lifetime credit for making certain energy efficient improvements to your home, such as the purchase of a high-efficiency furnace. Though many people have already taken advantage of this in years past, Pickering said newer homeowners may want to consider if they can benefit.

•People who experienced a foreclosure and had their debt canceled just got some relief.

The IRS considers that canceled debt as income and therefore subject to taxes. However, there had long been a provision that would waive this if the foreclosure was on a primary residence. Last year, that was not the case.

The waiver has now been reinstated and is extended retroactively, so people who had to pay tax on a canceled debt of this sort can file an amendment. Pickering said this is a provision that affects few people but “has an extraordinary financial impact.”

•To claim medical expenses on your taxes, the total must exceed a certain percentage of your adjusted gross income. That threshold was set to go up to 10% this year, making it harder for as many people to qualify. But the law extended the prior threshold of 7.5%.

CRYPTOCURRENCY

The IRS has been trying to keep up with the popularity of cryptocurrency, such as bitcoin. Tax experts say it’s a gray area that is slowly being clarified. But for now, cryptocurrency is generally seen as property, not currency. So anyone who trades in it faces the same tax implications as if they were trading stock.

The IRS said it is aware many taxpayers have improperly reported or failed to report transactions in the past. As such, it is increasing its educational efforts and criminal investigations. Additionally, all taxpayers will have to answer a question about their involvement in any virtual currency transactions. If they have received, sold, sent, exchanged or otherwise acquired any virtual currency, they must fill out a new form.

Tax experts say there may still be some confusion but suggest anyone who does trade cryptocurrency should keep close track of all their own activity to make sure they are not stepping on the wrong side of the law.

FREE FILE

The IRS has long offered options for many taxpayers to file online for free, but it may be a bit easier to navigate this year.

Taxpayers can use the IRS Free File system, which is provided by a number of tax preparation companies, if they make less than $69,000 a year.

However, reporting by nonprofit news organization ProPublica found that some tax preparation companies had added code to their Free File pages that hid them from search engines and diverted many users to paid products. The IRS has since updated its agreement with the tax prep industry and the companies are barred from hiding their free products.

Additionally, the IRS has tried to help avoid consumer confusion between the IRS Free File system and free or low-cost versions offered by the companies themselves. To make sure you are using the IRS Free File system, go to IRS.gov/freefile to review your choices.

Other options to file for free remain intact. These include those provided by the Volunteer Income Tax Assistance Program or Tax Counseling for the Elderly, offered by AARP, as well as the IRS Free File Fillable forms, which are electronic versions of its paper forms.