Russia says its COVID-19 vaccine is looking 92% effective, but skeptics wonder
Developers of Sputnik V, Russia’s experimental COVID-19 vaccine, say that early, interim data from a large trial suggest that the shot appears to be 92% effective, but experts have raised questions about the claim.
The Russian announcement Wednesday, which did not include detailed information about the trial, came two days after a similar announcement by Pfizer but is based on far fewer coronavirus cases. Some experts say that the data may have been rushed out in an effort to keep up with the worldwide race for a successful vaccine.
Russia touted Sputnik V, a two-shot vaccine, as the world’s first to receive a government go-ahead after it was approved in early August without completing advanced testing. The move drew considerable criticism from experts who said data from tens of thousands of people were needed to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the vaccine before it is widely distributed.
Russian officials announced advanced studies among 40,000 volunteers two weeks after it received government approval. On Wednesday, Russia’s Direct Investment Fund, which bankrolled the effort, announced that an analysis of early data from the study showed that the vaccine “had an efficacy rate of 92%.”
The interim analysis looked at 20 confirmed coronavirus infections registered so far among more than 16,000 volunteers who received two shots of either the vaccine or the placebo, the fund’s statement said. More than 20,000 trial participants have so far received just one shot.
Some outside experts deemed the results of the interim analysis promising and consistent with what Pfizer has found with its vaccine candidate, but questioned the timing of the Russian results’ release.
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“Whilst encouraging, I worry that these data have been rushed out on the back of the Pfizer/BioNtech announcement earlier in the week. The Sputnik data are based on only 20 cases of COVID-19 in the trial participants, compared to more than 90 cases in the earlier trial,” Eleanor Riley, professor of immunology and infectious disease at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland, said in a statement.
Ravindra Gupta, professor of clinical microbiology at Cambridge University, also pointed out the small number of coronavirus cases. “They’ve calculated a 92% protection rate, but among 20 infections. That’s fairly small numbers. So we want to see the whole results eventually,” Gupta told the Associated Press.
The early Russian data released Wednesday didn’t break down how many volunteers received the vaccine and how many got dummy shots, but the 92% effectiveness rate indicates that nearly all infections must have occurred among those who received the placebo.
It remained unclear from the Russian statement how COVID-19 was diagnosed in the trial participants and whether all of them, including those showing no symptoms, were tested for the coronavirus.
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The release of “the interim results of the post-registration clinical trials that convincingly demonstrate Sputnik V vaccine’s efficacy gives way to mass vaccination in Russia against COVID-19 in the coming weeks,” Alexander Gintsburg, director of the Moscow-based Gamaleya Institute, which developed the vaccine, was quoted as saying in the statement.
The announcement comes just two days after Pfizer sparked worldwide optimism by reporting that an early peek at its vaccine data suggests it is 90% effective — although Pfizer, too, did not provide a detailed look at its data. The Russian Direct Investment Fund has not immediately responded to a request for comment as to whether its analysis was planned in advance or inspired by the Pfizer statement.
Ilya Yasny, head of scientific research at the Russian investment fund Inbio Ventures, said that the efficacy rates may change once all 40,000 volunteers are given the shots. “How the numbers will change once all 40,000 people are given shots is unclear,” Yasny said. “I would say it is premature to draw conclusions from the analysis.”
According to the statement, as many as 10,000 people from “high-risk groups,” such as medical workers, have already been vaccinated outside of the trial, despite multiple warnings from experts against wider use until all the tests are completed.
At the same time surveys show that many Russians are skeptical about the shots. According to a late August poll by the Levada Center, Russia’s top independent pollster, 54% of Russians were not prepared to take the widely publicized shots.
But neither the international criticism nor the domestic skepticism has stopped Russia from promoting Sputnik V abroad. In Wednesday’s statement, Russia’s Direct Investment Fund said that it had requests for more than 1.2 billion doses of the shot from over 50 countries, and existing contracts with international partners “enable the production of 500 million doses of the Sputnik V vaccine outside Russia annually.”
Russia currently has the fifth-largest coronavirus caseload in the world, with a cumulative total of more than 1.8 million confirmed cases.
The country has been hit by a resurgence of the outbreak since September, with daily new infections spiking to about 20,000 this week. The government’s coronavirus task force has logged a total of more than 31,000 deaths since the start of the pandemic.
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